History of indigo in india. [5] In 1829, Palmer and Co.
History of indigo in india. author: Mitra, Lalit Chandradc.
History of indigo in india Explore comprehensive InterGlobe Aviation Ltd historical data over your selected date range, with a summary of key Introduction: the odyssey of indigo 1. Nadri is Professor of History at Georgia State University, with research interests in indigo and Indian history. Indigo was procured mainly from northern India and Bengal. [ 66 ] May 6, 2024 · Britain turns to India. From hassle-free flight booking to smooth journeys, IndiGo makes flying effortless in all possible ways. A lasting definition of improvement in The East India Company (EIC) [a] (1600–1874) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. India has an extensive civilian air transportation network and is amongst the fastest-growing aviation markets in the world according to the International Air Transport Association (IATA). By the early 1600s, when the English and Dutch East India companies began trading with India, indigo had become a highly sought-after commodity in the markets of England and the Dutch Republic. ac. Thus, in no time, Khadi became the national fabric of India. 70-79. In the Andean region, the Incas cultivated indigo as a dye for their textiles, body paint, and decorating pottery. 4 Agitation Jun 25, 2024 · India as the Solution: To meet rising European demand, the British East India Company expanded indigo cultivation in India. Nov 7, 2011 · In a thirty- year period, indigo planters doubled their profits every three to four years, and on the eve of the American Revolution, when cubes of indigo replaced paper currency, South Carolina . [6] Indigo Airlines History. This page provides detailed historical share price data for INGL, including daily, weekly, and monthly intervals of the opening price, closing price, high, low, price change, and percentage change for InterGlobe Aviation Ltd. indigo - which was derived from coal-tar hydrocarbons. As of August 2020, it will have a 59. InterGlobe had a 51. Sep 29, 2020 · “The origin of taste, of fabric printing is India. Jun 9, 2017 · Indigo’s name gives its origin away: it simply means ‘the Indian’ or ‘from India. The factories entered direct agreements with the peasants to buy leaves. Indigo was known to the ancients of Asia, Egypt, Greece, Rome, Britain, and Peru. Apr 5, 2023 · Indigo, also termed the King Of Dyes, has a rich and storied history that cements its place in the Indian culture and trade dating to four thousand years ago. History of Champaran Satyagraha The most recent dividend given by InterGlobe Aviation - INDIGO was of ₹15 with ex-dividend date of Mon, 12 Sep 2016. The world of indigo plantations: diasporas and knowledge 2. With the increasing demand for indigo in Europe, the East India Company in India sought to expand the cultivation of indigo. Throughout the nineteenth century British India was the pre-eminent producer and supplier to the West of indigo for its thriving textile industry. The course of colonial modernity: negotiating the landscape in Bengal 3. Daniel Headrick, Professor Emeritus of Social Science and History, Roosevelt University "Prakash Kumar writes a new kind of history of indigo cultivation in British India, focusing on the vast mobility of productive scientific knowledge and its localization at the agrarian foundations of India’s modern development regime in Bengal. Indigo and law in colonial India. Some tenants paid more rent in return for being let off from growing indigo. Indigo cultivation is thought to have existed in the Indus Valley (present-day Pakistan and northwest India) more than 5,000 years ago. The 1629–32 famine in the Deccan and Gujarat, was one of the worst in India's history. Every year, export companies, handicraft industries The first Indigofera used by Europeans was grown in the Far East (the word indigo comes from the Greek word for India). [4] It was formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South Asia and Southeast Asia), and later with East Asia. Moreover, it also showed that the Indian people were capable of organizing and resisting British exploitation. Indigo was most probably imported from India. In 1788, only 30 percent of imported indigo Scraps of Indigo-dyed fabric likely dyed with plants from the genus Indigofera discovered at Huaca Prieta predate Egyptian indigo-dyed fabrics by more than 1,500 years. There is evidence of its trade as far back as the Egyptian empire. Jan 1, 2016 · In the colonial history of India, Indigo had become the infamous crop, the desire for which led to the oppression of countless farmers. Indigo was highly valued in the West, but Europeans wanted their own source of indigo that wasn't so expensive. contributor. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2012. Jenny Balfour-Paul has given an account of indigo’s history in the ancient and medieval periods. In the 1800s, to satisfy the Empire's appetite for indigo Dye, British Indigo Planters beat, raped, tortured, murdered, extorted, and starved Bengali tenant farmers into turning over their rice fields to the cultivation of the indigo Plant. Sep 3, 2021 · IndiGo the largest domestic airline and the most pocket-friendly airline of India is the second-largest preferred airline in Asia. From the mid-16th century, the Portuguese Estado da India exported large quantities of indigo to Lisbon. There, the color was called nila (meaning “dark blue”) and, as good things often do, it spread. IndiGo placed a firm order for 100 Airbus A320-200 aircraft in June 2005 with plans to begin operations in mid-2006. available: May 29, 2013 · The knowledge of indigo culture that developed on indigo plantations in colonial Bengal was remarkably cosmopolitan in its borrowings. Holbert, Richard Moore, 2011. From the last decades of the eighteenth century, indigo cultivation in Bengal rapidly expanded. 3 Benoy Chowdhury has described the early history of indigo manufacture at a time when the industry was centred on East Bengal. Aug 27, 2012 · Prakash Kumar documents the history of agricultural indigo, exploring the effects of nineteenth-century globalisation on this colonial industry. Indigo drying house, India 139 10. This word entered Spanish as anil and later made its way to Central and South America where it is used to refer to indigo. and exported the dye. The plant was native to India and had been used for extracting color for centuries. The word indigo traces its origins from the Greek word indikon which translates to ‘Indian’, indicating India to be a prominent source of indigo for the Greeks. surplus middle classes from Britain. Jul 22, 2023 · The exhibition focuses specifically on indigo’s long history from several perspectives, including global trade, forced labor, slavery, and indentured labor, migration, and colonization in terms of India’s colonial history. This meant that there was increasing demand for Indian indigo. Hence, the Rebellion is considered to be a precursor to the Indian independence movement. ‘Prakash Kumar writes a new kind of history of indigo cultivation in British India, focusing on the vast mobility of productive scientific knowledge and its localization at the agrarian foundations of India’s modern development regime in Bengal. 00 Pages: 350pp. Indigo was an important export for British until 1890s when it was hit by competition from German synthetic dyes. Volume 64, Issue s1 p. Includes information about indigo. Founded in 2006 by Rahul Bhatia and Rakesh Gangwal, the airline has grown rapidly to become one of the largest carriers in India. Nadri, The Political Economy of Indigo in India, 1580–1930: A Global Perspective (The Hague: Brill, 2016). Mar 29, 2022 · The word indigo is derived from Greek, meaning from India. the history of indigo cultivation in India possesses a peculiar interest for all Europeans of British nationality who are inter-ested in Indian trade or the problems of Indian administration. The Greeks called this blue pigment ‘indikon’, meaning a product from India, and this word became indigo in English. "Indigo was more powerful than the gun," McKinley tells InterGlobe Aviation Limited (d/b/a IndiGo), is an Indian low-cost airline headquartered in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. Kumar, Prakash. The first commercial aviation flight in India took place on 18 February 1911. This indigo was used to make dye. India: A Major Source of Indigo. Local science: agricultural institutions in the age of nationalism 5. Although its memory flourishes today in conversations and artistic expressions, lingering misconceptions have distorted our general understanding about the real story of local indigo. Indigo’s Troubled Past. [14] The major tea-producing states in India are: Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Sikkim, Nagaland. The peasants launched a movement for non cultivation of indigo in Bengal. Another ancient term for the dye is ‘nili’ from the Sanskrit meaning dark blue from which the Arabic term for blue ‘al-nil’ is derived. This blue substance was used to color everything from Army uniforms to Queen’s bed linen. The indigo plant, the source of the indigo blue dye, was originally native to India. The Aviation in India can be broadly divided into military and civil aviation. 2 But the crisis of indigo trade of Bahawalpur State had different story. By 1810, 95% of Britain’s imported indigo was sourced from India. Oct 11, 2020 · Indigo, the bewitching blue dye is extracted from the Indigofera plants- a family of roughly 750 shrub species found in tropical and sub- tropical regions of the world. We have a simple philosophy: offer fares that are affordable, flights that are on time, and provide a courteous and hassle-free travel experience across our unparalleled network. [16] May 26, 2023 · She traces rich indigo traditions in the Arab World to the present. Dec 13, 2020 · Today, indigo is celebrated in Kongarappatu and neighbouring villages for putting them on the map, a far cry from its wretched colonial past. However, it TLC and HPLC Analysis of Red and Violet Cotton Yarns of Indonesian Textiles, Dyes in History and Archaeology, vol. 1017/CBO9781139150910. Over the years, it has become an aspect of economic In The Political Economy of Indigo in India, 1580-1930: A Global Perspective Ghulam A. The figures show it takes more than 20 years to double the price of the food crops emerged as a lucrative but risky commodity for private trade. Indigo manufacturing by the European planters in India began in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. 3%. That's where the New World came in. The much cheaper synthetic indigo quickly superseded natural indigo for commercial dyeing and by 1914 natural indigo production had Aug 16, 2019 · Indigo—both as a plant and a dye—forms an important chapter in the early history of the South Carolina Lowcountry. With this achievement, it has joined a select club of global carriers to operate on such scale. The introduction of synthetic indigo on the market in 1897 by two German companies threatened to end India’s dominant role in the indigo trade. 88% was held by Gangwal's Virginia-based company Caelum Investments. To "Indian Dyes and Dyeing Industry during 18th-19th Century" by H C Bhardwaj and Kamal K Jain Indian Journal of History of Science 17(1) 1982 pages 70-81. “The World of Indigo Plantations: Diasporas and Knowledge. This EDIS publication is to introduce indigo as a new economic crop in south Florida. To Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015. Indigofera tinctoria or true indigo have been described by Linnaeus as the primary source of blue dye. Empirical and Theoretical Indigo Dye Models Derived from Observational Studies of Production Scale Chain Rope Indigo Dye Ranges, Thesis, North Carolina State University. [15] In 2011, IndiGo placed an order for 180 Airbus A320 aircraft in a deal worth US$15 billion. ’ David Ludden - New York University Indigo was produced from many plants throughout the history but the most famous indigo dye was produced from the plants of the genus Indigofera. inferred that indigo was in use in India in the protohistoric city of Mohenjodaro in the second millennium B. It inspired many people to join the fight for India’s freedom. During first half of nineteenth century when indigo business was on peak in India at the same time, Bahawalpuri indigo production and distribution declined. It is used in the United States mainly for dyeing cotton for work clothes; for a long By the year 1810 the East India Company was capable of placing 5,500,000 pounds of merchantable indigo on the market in London with facility, all but wrecking the production from the Americas. 24 percent domestic market share, making it India's largest airline by passengers carried and fleet size. In India alone, sixty species of Indigofera are known. uk) Indigo Plantations and Science in Colonial India Review Number: 1529 Publish Date: Thursday, 9 January, 2014 Author: Prakash Kumar ISBN: 9781107023253 Date of Publication: 2012 Price: £68. Nov 7, 2011 · The History of Indigo While indigo traces its roots to India, the African slave trade made it exceedingly valuable on that continent. Their name was later changed to Palmer and Co. From Colesworthy Grant, Rural Life in Bengal, 1860 Dec 1, 2023 · Indigo, a mysterious bold blue-violet dye, has a history as vivid as the color itself. In 2007, small cotton scraps were discovered on an excavation of Huaca Prieta (Peru), pointing to Peru as the place where humans first learned to dye fabrics with indigo around 4000 BC. It highlights the historical and cultural background, including identification and distribution, uses, and history of indigo. One such commercial crop was Indigo. From its use in ancient Indian textiles to becoming a symbol of oppression and eventually a tool for resistance during the freedom struggle, indigo has had a profound impact. [65] The second half of the 19th century saw some increase in land under cultivation and agricultural production expanded at an average rate of about 1% per year by the later 19th century. 003 Dec 18, 2023 · Ghulam A. [12] In 2011, IndiGo placed an order for 180 Airbus A320 aircraft in a deal worth US$15 billion. Because of industrialization, the British textile industry began mass-producing cotton finished goods and marketing these in India at very low rates. Portrait of Adolf von Baeyer Dec 23, 2024 · The role of indigo in India’s history is a story of resilience, resistance, and cultural richness. IndiGo was founded in 2006 as a private company by Rahul Bhatia of InterGlobe Enterprises and Rakesh Gangwal. DOI: 10. It was also known in ancient texts like the Vedas. The most important indigo yielding species of India include Indigofera Arrecta, Indigofera Coerulea, Indigofera Longiracemosa, Indigofera Suffruticosa and Indigofera Tinctoria. ” Georg Stark, contemporary textile artist With a name that means ‘the Indian’ or ‘from India’, the colour indigo is woven tightly into Indian history. [15] At the time synthetic indigo was launched, natural indigo production was 19,000 tonnes, and an area of 7,000 square kilometres (a third of the area of Wales) had been dedicated to growing indigo, mainly in India. However, during the First World War the German dye ceased to be available and so indigo became profitable again. financed and exported more than 16% of all the Indigo produced in British India. date. 7 million acres were required which yielded 8000 tons of indigo annually, worth $100 M. From there, it spread to… May 23, 2022 · The first major centre of production of indigo was India who went on to supply it to the Greeks and Romans eventually leading to it being awarded its name, derived from the latin for 'indian'. Keywords: Indigo, Indigofera, Indigo plantation, Medieval May 29, 2013 · The knowledge of indigo culture that developed on indigo plantations in colonial Bengal was remarkably cosmopolitan in its borrowings. May 31, 2023 · Indigo: The Timeless Blue Indigo, perhaps the most well-known of all natural dyes, holds a special place in history. 60-75. The planter’s boat (bhowalea) 86 5. Synthetic indigo displaced Bengal indigo whereas small, insignificant quantities of other varieties con- Oct 17, 2023 · Indigo plants thrive in the tropics, and Italian, French, and British textile manufacturers utilized Indian indigo to color textiles. The last stand in science and rationalization 6. By the end of 2010, IndiGo already had 17. C. Nov 26, 2024 · Indigo, an important and valuable vat dyestuff, obtained until about 1900 entirely from plants of the genera Indigofera and Isatis. By Prakash Kumar, 25–76. The Germans had invented artificial dye so the demand for indigo fell. In 2011, IndiGo placed an order for 180 Airbus A320 aircraft, 30 regular A320 and 150 A320neo, a new generation version of the A320 scheduled for delivery Nov 3, 2024 · Indigo has been grown and processed in India since ancient times and was one of the products that attracted European traders. To 3. Profitable Indigo Production in India Workers harvesting indigo in early-nineteenth-century Bengal. [8] Colonial planters in the Caribbean grew indigo and transplanted its cultivation when they settled in the colony of South Carolina and North Carolina where people of the Prakash Kumar, Indigo Plantations and Science in Colonial India (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 9. responsible for the blue color, indigo, has been known for at least 4000 years. Seet, or indigo refuse, being spread in Tirhut agricultural fields as manure 136 7. Dec 29, 2012 · For two decades, natural indigo survived the competition of the industrial substitute. Assess the InterGlobe Aviation Ltd share price history. 513888dc. The Company looked for ways to expand the area under indigo cultivation in India. It was the best-quality colour exported from India and far exceeded other varieties in terms of value. 1 Prior to this discovery, the oldest known dyed fabrics were Egyptian textiles IndiGo is India’s largest and most preferred passenger airline and amongst the fastest growing airlines in the world. Indigo was quite often used in European easel painting since the Middle Ages. Considered by the Greeks and Romans to be a luxury and used for centuries by many Asian countries to dye silk, clothes dyed with indigo were often IndiGo is the largest airline of India since its It is the largest single aircraft order in commercial aviation history with deliveries between 2030 and 2035 Feb 20, 2024 · The Indigo Rebellion was a significant event in the history of India. In Bengal, indigo was produced in factories owned by European capitalists. Sep 14, 2023 · History And Significance Of Indigo Cultivation In India: Ancient Roots: Indigo cultivation in India dates back to ancient times, with evidence of its use in the Indus Valley Civilization (around 2500-1500 BCE). Indigo Revolt, rebellion of peasant farmers in 1859–60 in the Bengal region of northeastern India against British indigo planters. It is the largest airline in India by passengers carried and fleet size, with a 63. emerged as a lucrative but risky commodity for private trade. Charting the indigo culture from the early modern period to the twentieth century, Kumar discusses how knowledge of indigo culture thrived among peasant traditions on the Indian subcontinent in the early modern period and was then developed by INDIGO FARMING AND EXTRACTION . [5] In 1829, Palmer and Co. THE INDIGO FACTORY is a journey through the rich tapestry of indigo-making and subsequent processing into fabric, layered with India’s colonial history that transformed an artisanal occupation into mass production in factories. In the Americas, indigo was cultivated long before the arrival of Europeans; it was highly valued for its use in art and the textile industry. Planter’s bungalow, India 133 6. Indigo textiles have been discovered in Egyptian tombs from the late Bronze Age, indicating that the trade of indigo from India to distant lands had already gained momentum. TIRTHANKAR ROY, TIRTHANKAR ROY. was founded with the name Paxton, Cockerell and Trail. Colony and the external arena: seeking validation in the market 4. 20, pp. ’ But we now know that, besides India, indigo is also endemic to the tropical zones in Africa and China. The planters relied on a system in which peasant farmers (ryots) rented land and cultivated it after receiving an advance payment, which led to cycles of debt and exploitation. Etymological evidence connects indigo’s deep history with India. [13] His first book, Indigo Plantations and Science in Colonial India (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), narrates a global history of plant indigo that captured the unique moment of 1899 when a cheaper and purer synthetic indigo produced in the factories first challenged agricultural indigo produced through an agricultural system. During 1908, around 30,000 acres of land was engaged in the cultivation of indigo. It was fostered and developed by the Company's May 6, 2013 · A harvest of 200kg leaves produces 1 kg indigo. Cultivated and worn since the Indus Valley Civilization, indigo has a profound legacy. The Greek historian Herodotus has recorded in 450 BC that indigo was imported from India in The Palmer and Co. The first nation to turn indigo production into an international trade, ancient India produced some of the finest and most luxurious indigo Published on: Reviews in History ( https://reviews. 1. author: Mitra, Lalit Chandradc. " Khadi was introduced to the people of undivided India in 1918 in order to achieve self-sufficiency and independence from British textiles. Thus many tenants were once again forced to grow it The indigo production in the world fell by half between 1783 and 1789. The genus is most diverse in Peninsular India followed by the Himalayas. The protean knowledge that was assembled in the first plantations in the Caribbean in the mid-seventeenth century had roots in various peasant traditions on the Indian subcontinent and elsewhere in the world. Apr 3, 2020 · Indigo’s name gives its origin away: it simply means ‘the Indian’ or ‘from India. ” In Indigo Plantations and Science in Colonial India. Indigo beaters, India 138 9. The cultivation of indigo was determined by the needs of the English cloth markets. accessioned: 2015-09-30T13:06:17Zdc. The Indigo revolt (or Nil bidroha; Bengali: নীল বিদ্রোহ) was a peasant movement and subsequent uprising of indigo farmers against the indigo planters, that arose in Bengal in 1859, and continued for over a year. One of those plants is Indigofera tinctoria which is native to India which was the earliest major center for production and processing of indigo dye. It was a luxury item imported to the Mediterranean from India by Arab merchants. Indigo Airlines is a renowned Indian low-cost airline that has made a significant impact on the aviation industry since its establishment. His publications include The Political Economy of Indigo in India, 1580–1930: A Global Perspective (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2016). Jan 28, 2023 · Indigo was the only natural dye that could stain clothes blue before the Industrial revolution. ), 1843–1921 Bibliography In December 2010, IndiGo replaced state-run carrier Air India as the third largest airline in India, behind Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways with a passenger market share of 17. 14 1 Bailey W. Indigo factory, India 138 8. The Kolkata port once shipped 4000 tons of indigo per year. Sowing of indigo, or chitani, in Bengal on river islands 86 4. 12% stake in IndiGo and 47. 6% domestic market share as of November 2024. The indigo industry’s optimism faded only at the end of the First World War, when German proprietary knowledge of synthetic indigo became widely available and the industrial use of synthetic indigo for textile dyeing and printing became almost universal. Marco Polo (13th century) was the first to report on the preparation of indigo in India. The indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria) was grown mainly in India. An India List post advises that the word 'mookarrarie' which appears in History of Behar Indigo Factories means 'a permanent tenure'. The English Education Act Work of the Christian Missionaries Journey of Visual Art in India Se arch for Modern Indian Art Raja Ravi Verma Abanindranth Tagore Journey of Indigo in India India since independence, NCERT history, India since gandhi, indian independence struggle by bipan chandra, rajiv ahir, spectrum, tata mcgraw hill of importance Jul 9, 2024 · The farmers were forced to grow indigo and were paid very little for their hard work. The modern indigo industry was created by the East India Company. InterGlobe Aviation - INDIGO Yearly Dividends History Chart From 2015 to 2025 Jul 12, 2024 · Indigo Rebellion (1859-1862): Heavy pressure was put on the zamindars and peasants to pay high taxes and grow commercial crops. InterGlobe Aviation - INDIGO has given dividend 4 times in the past, you can find its complete dividend history in below table. This movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi, marked the beginning of India’s Civil Disobedience Movement. The dye was obtained by extraction of the plant’s leaves. In the 19th century, it was grown across the southern districts of undivided Bengal and filled the coffers of the English East India Company as an extremely profitable import to Britain. From the late eighteenth century onwards, indigo cultivation in Bengal experienced rapid growth, leading to Bengal indigo dominating the global market. It was also the crop that ultimately led The Indigo Revolt, or Neel Bidroha of 1859, also known as the Indigo Rebellion of Bengal was one of the first major peasant uprisings in India during British rule. It was one of the first major peasant uprisings against British rule. [4] Jun 22, 2023 · In fact, India was the primary supplier of indigo to Europe during the Graeco-Roman period. history. Marco Polo , a 13 th century Italian explorer has recorded in his book the “Travels of Marco Polo”, about the preparation of Indigo in India. British planters saw Bengal, with its fertile soil, as an ideal region for indigo cultivation. [56] [57] Indian exports of opium, millets, rice, wheat, indigo, jute, Jan 1, 2016 · Indigo Prices (rupees per man and stivers per Dutch pound) in India, 1609–1757 Indigo Prices in Calcutta (rupees/factory man ) and London (pence/lb. Publisher: Cambridge University Press Publisher URL: In December 2010, IndiGo replaced state-run carrier Air India as the third largest airline in India, behind Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways with a passenger market share of 17. Indigo plantation rivalry was seen during from the times of Akbar among European companies to seize the trade. Nadri explores the dynamics of the indigo industry and trade from a long-term perspective and examines the local and global forces that affected the potentialities of production in India and elsewhere and caused periods of boom and slump in the industry indigo - which was derived from coal-tar hydrocarbons. India was a primary supplier of indigo to Europe as early as the Greco-Roman era. London School of Economics and Political Throughout the nineteenth century British India was the pre-eminent producer and supplier to the West of indigo for its thriving textile industry. National, December 18, 2023: IndiGo, India’s preferred carrier has created history by becoming the first Indian airline to carry 100 million passengers in a single calendar year. History of Indigo: Indian indigo was probably used as a painting pigment by ancient Greeks and Romans. Indigo from India was only rarely available in the European market and was extremely expensive. Jan 1, 2017 · The situation of Indian farmers is similar to the indigo farmers of Champaran in British India (Singh 2017). Indigo’s history intertwines with the dark legacies of the slave trade, colonialism, and exploitation. 3% of the market share, replacing the state-run flag carrier Air India as the third airline in India, behind Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways. Few Indian commercial crops—such as Cotton, indigo, opium, wheat, and rice—made it to the global market under the British Raj in India. But 'Bengal indigo' manufactured under Europeans' supervision far exceeded them in importance. In northern India, merchants preferred to buy crude indigo from the peasants. [13] As of 2013 the consumption of green tea in India was growing by over 50% a year. Even though we still lack a truly global history of indigo, an excellent springboard is provided by Ghulam A. With its top-notch connectivity, on-time performance, hassle-free travel, and courteous service, IndiGo has built its reputation as one of India's most reliable airlines. The introduction of synthetic indigo on the market in 1897 by two German companies threatened to end Indias dominant role in the indigo trade. Its name is derived from the Greek word "Indikon," meaning blue dye from India, which highlights its deep-rooted association with the region. India's tea industry is the fourth largest in the world, producing $709,000,000 worth of tea. The Romans used indigo as a pigment for painting and for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Indigo Cultivation was forcefully done by British Planters in India in 18th Century, thus Indigo trade of India is more valuable for all existing companies of Europe in India. The Economic History Review. Indigo plantation in India came under scholarly examination initially in the context of colonial oppression and the indigenous protest against it, as a part of the history of freedom struggle. Diffie, Latin-American Civilization, Colonial Period , (Harrisburg: Stackpole Sons, 1945), p, 339. hjgihbxaxajlqldurdpcxbjedhvxdxfhhlsgkvyyicbiadztlr