Suture material pdf

Suture material pdf. They are commonly used on the skin, internal tissues, organs Jun 11, 2021 · Suture is one of the basic surgical skills. %PDF-1. 1. When choosing sutures veterinary surgeons should always consider which is the appropriate suture material, surgical needle and suture size for a given tissue and be familiar with suture characteristics and tissue requirements. Suturing offers advantages like low dehiscence rates and greater tensile strength than other closure methods Monofilament S t eMonofilament Suture Grossly appears as single strand of suture material; all fibers run parallel Mi i l iMinimal tissue trauma Resists harboring microorganisms Ti thlTies smoothly Requires more knots than multifilament suture Possesses memoryPossesses memory Examples: d) Explaining the criteria enabling registered practitioners to suture 2) Assess the condition of the wound for suturing by: a) Describing the normal anatomy of the wound. 4. P. Learning to suture in an expert manner Developing smart suture materials with superior properties is the need of the hour. We focus on a brief history and evolution of suture materials and suture needles, their material and mechanical Information about suture materials and needles is im-portant, as inappropriate use of a material or needle type can lead to wound breakdown or tissue injury. With modern sutures, it is likely to per- Apr 26, 2020 · PDF | Soft tissue appearance after periradicular surgery plays a major role in the aesthetics. 3 Miller’s Knot; 4. The needle and suture are equally important as basic materials. We can classify sutures into two types– those which are absorbable and will break down harmlessly in the body over time without intervention and those which are non-absorbable and must be manually removed if they are not left indefinitely. Over time, innovations in suture materials and improved techniques decreased the complications associated with wound closure. AccessEmergency Medicine is a subscription-based resource from McGraw Hill that features trusted medical content from the best minds in medicine. The main classifications are absorbable or nonabsorbable. Keep in mind that the body wall takes 2-4 weeks to heal completely after surgery. 1. Absorbable materials naturally degrade in the body over time and the Jan 19, 2014 · Nonabsorbable - Surgical suture material that is relatively unaffected by the biological activities of the body tissues and is therefore permanent unless removed Plasticity - Measure of the ability to deform without breaking and to maintain a new form after relief of the deforming force Pliability ‫ -ليونة‬Ease of handling of suture Dec 1, 2022 · Mg as a suturing material was first explored in the early 20th century to suture soft tissues like nerves and muscles [38]. 1–3 Synthetic fibers, such as nylon and polyester Dec 12, 2014 · When choosing sutures, veterinarians should always consider which is the appropriate suture material, needle and size for a given tissue and be familiar with suture characteristics and tissue This study examined the effectiveness of cyanoacrylate and suture material in closing operational skin wounds in terms Closing wounds are a fundamental aspect of surgery. The suture is ended by passing a knot over the untightened end of the suture. Thicker sutures present higher knot-pull tensile strength and are normally used for orthopedics, while thinner sutures are commonly used for ophthalmic. 5 cm it should be repaired with 2-0 or 3-0 absorbable sutures. For example, a size 3–0 suture is larger than a size 5–0 suture. Avoid friction. selection of suture material is based on the tissues to be repaired. The primary goal when suturing is to re-approximate wound edges under minimal tension enabling hemostasis and healing. Sutures are used ubiquitously in surgery and are the most implanted materials in hand surgery. This card covers suture/staple removal times, suture sizes, suture material characteristics, special laceration considerations, and suture techniques. Since it contains collagen as the main component, surgical catgut could be absorbed in vivo. Aug 26, 2021 · The use of a rapidly absorbing form of synthetic absorbable suture material, in the repair of episiotomy or perineal laceration in 100 patients during the study period February 2012 to July 2012 for needle/suture combinations. Sutures are used to close the cuts caused by injuries or to close the incision due to surgery and other medical procedures like wound approximation. Nov 15, 2014 · to suture material properties and surgical needle characteristics. Dec 12, 2017 · PDF | On Dec 12, 2017, Hassan H Koshak published Dental Suturing Materials and Techniques | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Suture materials in orthopaedic Multifilament suture materials tend to be easier to flex, manipulate and knot compared to monofilament materials. This article outlines the various suture materials and needles while Sep 21, 2021 · Different suture materials produce varying degrees of tissue reaction, specifically inflammation. Synthetic suture materials overcome the use of natural suture materials for years. Continuous over & over suture Initially a simple interrupted suture is placed & the needle is then reinserted in a continuous fashion such that the suture passes perpendicular to the incision line below & obliquely above. A. Significant inflammation reduces the resistance to infection and delays the onset of wound healing. Material Suture materials are designated by color and construction characteristics (eg Undyed Braided, Mar 16, 2022 · In addition to high tensile strength and low tissue reactivity, ideal features of a suture material include sterility, uniform thickness, flexibility for simple handling, and the ability to retain knot security, as well as low inflammatory response to promote healing. Absorbable and Non-Absorbable Suture Types and Features3 Location and Sizing In general, larger suture sizes should be used for areas that have significant skin tension, such as the knee. Although it can appear to be a simple procedure, suturing properly requires a sound understanding of the biology of wound healing, good hand–eye coordination, good judgment, and some finesse. Specifically, this curriculum demonstrates five commonly used suturing techniques: (1) simple interrupted, (2) horizontal mattress, (3) vertical mattress, (4) subcuticular Suture Materials •Primary purpose for suture –Approximate wound margins –Enhance tissue healing •Early role of suture –Wounds do not gain strength until 4-6 days after injury –Approximating of tissues depending on suture strength •The relationship between gradual loss of suture strength and slow increase of wound strength must be Sutures are used ubiquitously in surgery and are the most implanted materials in hand surgery. Material Suture materials are designated by color and construction characteristics (eg Undyed Braided, Jul 19, 2021 · 2. However, surgical training does not routinely include formal education on stitching materials or needles. They have a lower infection risk but also have a poor knot security and ease of handling. They come in various sizes, types, and Jan 1, 2023 · Suture materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, silk, and polyglactin 910 are commonly used in periodontal surgery. Most commonly, this closure is done by suturing, as opposed to staples or surgical glues. 2 Suture materials are broadly classified according to the degradability into Oct 20, 2023 · It compared different suture materials and their effects on wound healing, infection rates, and other factors. All sutures were purchased at Mar 6, 2024 · Thus, suture selection for traumatic skin lacerations must take into account wound location, wound characteristics, and patient factors to ensure choice of the correct suture size, material, and needle: Size – Suture size is commonly indicated by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) system and is a measure of tensile strength as well. Optimal suture materials should satisfy several technical requirements. Jan 1, 2013 · The higher the first number, the finer is the suture material. They maintain tensile strength for prolonged periods. Needle Basics The type of suture material which is used, will influence these factors. • Suture material? • Skin closure? Suturing Techniques Partial thickness: • No deep stitches Full thickness: • Deep dermals 5-0 vicryl Skin: 6-0 running prolene Sutures are used to close wounds and are made of various materials like gut, polydioxanone, and nylon. J. 13 The development of suture material has shown dentists improvement in sutures designed for particular surgical procedures. Suture | Find, read and cite all the research you Jan 1, 2006 · PDF | On Jan 1, 2006, Jörg Meyle published Suture Materials and Suture Techniques | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Feb 5, 2015 · What are sutures? Sutures are medical devices which are used to sew living tissues. In general, a 4–5 mm tail should be left for monofilament suture and 2–3 mm should be Apr 6, 2018 · Sutures are medical tools used by doctors and surgeons to close a wound. These products are packaged 12, 24 or 36 packets per box. Depending on your condition, a doctor will use the proper suture technique and material to stitch a wound or laceration shut. , #4-0, or #0000, is smaller than #3-0, or #000). Apr 1, 2023 · However, multifilament sutures induce a more intense inflammatory response via enhanced capillarity resulting in increase in the transport and spread of microorganisms [9]. The uterine incision is closed using an absorbable suture of number 0 or number 1. Tensile Nov 18, 2019 · 2. 45 Exposure of A suture is a strand of material used to ligate vessels and reapproximate lacerated or incised tissue. Since then, constant tries have been done to use Mg as a stapling device. Palazzo M. Among all of these suture materials, the suture wire is the most frequently used material. The word suture is derived from the Latin word sutura, “a sewn seam” [1]. The suture material used also influence the wound | Find, read and cite all the research you need Industry-leading tensile strength. 3 Types of suture material. showed loop security for many of the knot and suture configurations was not significantly different but FiberWire consistently showed the smallest loop circumference when compared with Read chapter 1 of Atlas of Suturing Techniques: Approaches to Surgical Wound, Laceration, and Cosmetic Repair online now, exclusively on AccessEmergency Medicine. This article provides a brief outline of the suture materials used in periodontal surgery and their properties. Tannouri · F. als were procured from Physician Sales and Service. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent literature on the properties of suture materials was elaborated. Approximate absorption times of synthetic suture materials Material Half-life Dissolution (days) time (days) Serapid® 6 - 8 30 - 42 Serafit® 15 - 20 60 - 90 Serasynth® 28 - 42 180 – 210 ORIGIN OF MATERIAL Suture materials can be classified as being of natural or synthetic origin. May lead to wound failure if absorbed too Material Suture materials are designated by color and construction characteristics (eg Undyed Braided, Violet Braided, etc. g nylon, PDS*, or prolene). 39 Skin can be repaired using staples; interrupted, mattress, or running sutures, such as 3-0 The materials utilized for this function include sutures, tissue adhesives and staplers, which are termed as suture materials. Feb 26, 2018 · Suture construction is single handedly the most important property to determine the number of knots that should be created to secure the suture (see Tables 3. Apr 17, 2021 · The surgeon must understand the nature of the suture material, the biological forces in the healing wound, and the interaction of suture and tissues when selecting suture material. 4 Suture Removal Sutures are tiny threads, wire, or other material used to sew body tissue and skin together. Sizes larger than 0 (1/0) are denoted by 1, 2, 3 etc. It wasn’t until 1960 that experimentation with synthetic materials began in order to develop a suture with more desirable properties. 3) Plan the suturing by: a) Selecting the appropriate wound closure material. Mar 6, 2017 · This pocket card serves as a quick reference guide for clinicians, and provides a much-needed update and design upgrade from the 2011 PV card on Sutures. S. The following table outlines some of the common materials that surgical sutures are made from along with some characteristics that may help clarify which suture composition will best achieve the desired surgical outcome. Chromic catgut, being a natural suture material, has comparatively marked tissue reactivity, inconsistent tensile strength retention and reabsorption. Commonly preferred suture materials for cutaneous lacerations are summarised in Table 1, which lists their characteristics and uses. Surgical catgut. Sutures have assigned number sizes, and the finer the suture the larger the assigned number. When selecting a suture material, the span of the suture must remain and the relationship between the suture and the adjacent tissue should be taken into consideration. was made possible by a bioactive suture created by planting pluripotent stem cells onto a braided suture material[28]. 1 Materials historically used have included linen, horsehair, flax, silkworm gut, kangaroo tendon, umbilical tape, ligament, cotton, iron wire, bark fibers, stainless steel, gold, and silver. A more subtle subclassification is whether the suture material is braided or nonbraided. Mar 10, 2022 · These studies showed that almost all suture materials studies (catgut, polyglycolic acid [PGA] sutures, nylon, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, and silk sutures) caused bacterial adherence and adequately dispersed suture tension in each quadrant of the cornea, with special care to prevent excessive tightening. Multi-strand means 3 or 8 strands per packet. Larger diameter suture has been found to be more rigid than smaller diameter suture material. In the EP standard, the code ranges from 0. Success of surgical treatment depends on achieving primary wound healing, particularly with demanding surgical The ability to suture is one of the essential skills required of anyone planning to perform surgery. Surgical suture materials for medical purposes are available in a variety of forms Buried dermal sutures or continuous subcuticular suture: Absorbable Braided: Vicryl/Vicryl Rapide™ (Polyglactin 910)Polysorb™ (Lactomer 9-1) Synthetic: Buried dermal suturesVicryl rapide excellent choice for interrupted sutures in the hands, ‘pink’ lip laceration repairs and facial lacerations in children (do not need removal) Aug 28, 2023 · Most surgical or traumatic wounds require skin closure of some kind. All sutures were purchased new and variations in the expira-tion dates are considered as variations in the shelf life of the suture material. This chapter reviews the characteristics of commonly used and newer suture materials, and needles in small animal surgery. 2 Knots; 4. 6. The final knot is made by taking a “bite” of the second to last pass though the tissue and tied in the usual fashion. Pucci (*) Mar 10, 2021 · Suture materials can also be sub-classified by their structure: Monofilament suture – a single stranded filament suture (e. This helps prevent excessive tissue reaction to absorbable sutures and helps minimize foreign body reaction to nonabsorbable sutures. They essentially consist of a needle and a thread, known as the suture material. An unmatched, 100% money-back satisfaction guarantee. The type of material and size of the suture are thought to be the major factors contributing to this reaction. 4 Modified Miller’s Knot Mar 14, 2019 · Specific Suture Materials: Synthetic Nonabsorbable Sutures. The corresponding minimum diameter (mm) can be easily calculated by taking the code number and dividing it by 10. The first suture is made in the same manner as the simple interrupted, but subsequent sutures are placed without cutting the suture material. Moreover, the recent advances in the properties of novel suture materials enabled with nanomaterials were discussed. Sep 30, 2022 · Absorbable sutures readily degrade into small molecules that can be efficiently eliminated by the body due to the presence of water. used for sizes 7-0 and smaller. If needles are not ideal, it Sep 15, 2023 · Natural absorbable suture materials2. Nylons were introduced to the market by the DuPont Company in the late 1930s with Nylon 66, the first true synthetic fiber. They may be placed deep in the tissue and/or superficially to close a wound. A sampling program that lets you experience our sutures first-hand. Key findings include the impact of suture materials on bacterial adhesion. Latona · S. As surgical procedures and the handled tissues vary, it is important to understand the basic types of the suture materials. "Sawing" between the strands may weaken suture integrity so put down knots smoothly. Sutures are typically removed based on the body area, such as 7-10 days for the scalp or 10-14 days for the legs. Rather, suture familiarity is passed down by common use throughout training. All priced at an average of 34% less than other industry leaders. 3. Urinary tract Conclusion The bladder is one of the weakest tissues in the body, however it regains its original strength within 14 to 21 days. The first synthetic suture material (Dexon) was introduced J. Apr 8, 2017 · 56. Alshomer and Table 5. This study was conducted to compare the impact of two absorbable suture materials which were used for episiotomy repair, namely vicryl rapide and chromic catgut in relation to a short term maternal morbidity, in terms of the perineal pain and the wound healing. 1 Suture Materials; 4. The recent improvement in suture material not only Anatomy of a Barbed Suture A comprehensive guide Suture polymer n barbs At ˜irst glance, choosing the proper barbed suture for a given procedure appears to depend on the same factors as traditional suture—polymer, absorption pro˜ile, out-of-package tensile strength, breaking strength retention (BSR), size (diameter), and needle type and length. Suture Material Frequent uses CAPROSYN™ Glycolide, caprolactone, tremethlyene carbonate, lactide Most procedures in which fast absorption of the suture is required, e. Multifilament Sutures. Lo et al. Higher numbers indicate larger suture than #2), and more zeros indicate smaller suture diameter (e. U. Smaller gauges of suture offer less trauma to the tissue but are more delicate; knots should be tied gently but firmly to prevent breakage of the May 15, 2017 · If the galea is lacerated more than 0. They can be absorbable or non-absorbable; synthetic or natural; mono- or multi- filamentous. In this mini review sutures that are most Suture Material Many different suture materials are available. Suture materials, trade names, manufacturer names and locations, lot numbers and expiration dates are listed in Table I. Larger wounds can be closed with a continuous simple suture technique. 1 20 01 15 2 P suture material 1 CATGUT Plain 2 CATGUT Chrom 4 SUPRAMID 5 POLYPROPYLENE 7 POLYESTER 8 SILK 9 DACLON Nylon 10 STEEL Monofilament Nov 27, 2017 · Although mostly depended onto the surgeon preferences, the selection of suture material is based on the tissues to be repaired. Suture Material Many different suture materials are available. As you might imagine, it is extremely difficult to manufacture the ‘perfect’ suture material, which is why there is a wide variety of suture materials available which offer unique agent to the suture material has been considered, although to date there is insufficient evidence to warrant recommending the routine use of this type of thread. Needle Type/Needle Shape Symbol Needle type and needle shape are shown in this subhead. As there is no single | Find, read and cite all the research Jan 18, 2024 · Suture on a reel is much less expensive than swaged-on suture (suture with the needle attached), and PDS II has the balance of strength and decreased reactivity that is needed in an absorbable suture that is to be used on a large, varied population of cats and dogs. 2 List of absorbable suture size as defined by the United The optimal suture should have high tensile strength, knot security, and easy to handle. PV Card: Laceration Repair and Sutures May 1, 2009 · PDF | In oral surgery, the last phase of a surgical operation is represented by the tissues suture, that allows the wound lips edges approximation and | Find, read and cite all the research you Choice of suture materials. Avoid too much tension on the knot because it may lead to suture Wound healing times & tensile strength Ethicon Absorbable Sutures Wound Closure 10 days 21 days undyed 28 days dyed 28 days 42 days By 42 days 91 - 119 days 56 - 70 Suture Sizing Suture Types Available in sizes between #5 and #11-0. 1 to 10. Absorbable and Non-absorbable suture materials. size differs depending on the suture origin (natural or synthetic) and absorbability (nonabsorbable or absorbable). It generally has greater tensile strength and better pliability and flexibility than monofilament suture material, and it handles and ties well. Unless there is a dire emergency, never use regular thread for sutures because of the risk of infection. 3 C H A R AC T E R I S T I C S OF AN IDEAL SUTURE Sutures used in dental surgeries are distinct from other areas of the body due to consistency variations, presence of saliva, increased levels of vascularization and speech, and chewing and swallowing The suture materials used in periodontal surgery and their properties are provided to help surgeons choose the right material in combination with the appropriate technique. Introduction. The multifilament suture material is composed of several filaments twisted or braided together. In Ancient times, materials including linen, cotton, horsehair, animal tendons and intestines, and wire from precious metals have been used to hook-up wounds and body openings. It also has to behave in the way we want it to, in a consistent manner. Nonabsorbable Sutures After choosing the size of suture that is appropriate, the composition of said thread is very important. Silk tends to be considered as having the best handling properties compared to other suture materials. Brief Overview: This module is design to teach medical students and other novice surgical trainees about suture needles and materials, as well as basic suturing skills. 4 That is why, when choosing a suture thread, low capillarity is of paramount importance. appropriate for the suture material. It provides a rapid technique for closure & distribute the tension uniformly over the suture Dec 2, 2015 · Choice of appropriate suture material and its gauge is dependent on the anatomical location of the wound, the tissue type to be sutured, the tension of the tissue and the length of time the suture is to remain in situ for proper healing of the wound. Sutures made from common absorbable materials include catgut 4. Quantum dot nanoparticles were placed into the human mesenchymal stem cell-seeded suture material to Mar 1, 2003 · PDF | Suture materials play an important role in veterinary surgery by providing support for healing tissues during wound repair. A closure is a means of primary repair of skin and deeper layers (subcutaneous tissue, fascia, etc. Th e evolution of corneal suturing tech-niques from overlay sutures to direct appositional su-ture closure, along with the discovery of small, mono-fi lament suture material has revolutionized suturing May 29, 2023 · Strings and animal tendons have been used to suture for thousands of years. The commonly used suture materials are chromic catgut and polyglactin. ) Length Suture length is shown in both inches and the approximate metric equivalent. Sutures are produced from the long-chain aliphatic polymers Nylon 6 and Nylon 6. Surgical sutures retain in the tissues for varying lengths of time, while needles pass through the tissues for only a few seconds. Examples of multifilament sutures are silk, vicryl, polyglycolic acid (PGA Jan 1, 2023 · 10. 2) and the length of suture that should be left attached to the knot when cutting suture. Multifilament suture – made of several filaments that are twisted together (e. Evidence of suture use dates back to 50,000 bc. g. 2 %¦éÏÄ 1355 0 obj > endobj xref 1355 295 0000000016 00000 n 0000006293 00000 n 0000008254 00000 n 0000009438 00000 n 0000009500 00000 n 0000009654 00000 n 0000009796 00000 n 0000009905 00000 n 0000010009 00000 n 0000010121 00000 n 0000010272 00000 n 0000010415 00000 n 0000010550 00000 n 0000010733 00000 n 0000010917 00000 n 0000011059 00000 n 0000011201 00000 n 0000011343 00000 n Although the multifilament sutures present higher tissue reactivity and capillarity, they display better handling characteristics [12]. This standard also varies with the type of suture material. Image 8 Suture Types Absorbable: Catgut, Vicryl, Monocryl - ↓ tissue reaction & likelihood of infection. Jan 30, 2022 · An adequate TS of a suture material is of utmost importance for the proper coaptation of the flaps until healing has completed. 16 Absorbable suture materials are considered ideal for use within the urinary tract, whilst non-absorbable suture materials are more likely to act as a nidus for calculi formation. Myrrh is a type of plant resin, which is used in mouthwash formulations. 1 and 3. Dec 27, 2019 · This guide will review wound healing, suture types and materials, and basic and advanced techniques to equip the dental provider with a foundation in wound closure and management. b) Critically analysing factors which may delay healing. Horsehair has got properties of standard suture material except low tensile strength and hence What are the different types of sutures and how are they classified? 1. g braided silk or Jun 1, 1999 · PDF | SUTURES are used either for apposing tissues or for ligation, and a variety of different types of suture material is currently available. Common suture techniques include continuous, interrupted, deep, and purse-string sutures. Surgical catgut was officially utilized as natural absorbable suture material in the 19th century and was commonly divided into plain surgical catgut and chromic surgical catgut [43]. Jun 27, 2022 · Surgical sutures are used to bind tissues together to help in wound closure and healing after surgery or trauma. Additionally, it introduced the application of cyanoacrylate as an innovative option to traditional sutures, highlighting the ongoing debate among surgeons. Non-absorbable suture materials are preferred for cutaneous wound closure. Only monofilament sutures have no capillary action. the suture material of choice even for vascular anastomoses [1]. Nov 27, 2017 · More abrasive suture materials generate more friction between suture loops and can be expected to have better loop security than less abrasive sutures. The tensile strength of suture materials indicates the ability of the material to withstand The most important absorption and dissolution times are shown in the following table: Approximate absorption times of synthetic suture materials Material Serapid® Serafit® Serasynth® Half-life (days) 6-8 15 - 20 28 - 42 Dissolution time (days) 30 - 42 60 - 90 180 – 210 ORIGIN OF MATERIAL Suture materials can be classified as being of Chapter 4: Table of Contents. Both patients and surgeons hope that no scars remain once a wound has healed. For example, following trauma, the use of an absorb-able suture to repair a scleral rupture can lead to wound dehiscence a few weeks aft er the repair, and the use of Nov 12, 2020 · The ideal suture material – is sterile, easy to handle, strong (along all of its length), resistant to infection, and cheap. Nonabsorbable Sutures This review focuses on suture and their classification in terms of suture manufacturing process and it is classified based on sutures absorption ability and the origin of raw material. , plastic surgery, gynaecology, subcuticular closure VELOSORB™ Glycolide and lactide (with a tripolymer coating) Most procedures in which fast absorption of suture is Feb 28, 2023 · PDF | Reviewing the development and history of sutures used in surgery is the goal of the study. Needle Types Needles must dissect through tissue to pass suture. Nov 1, 2019 · PDF | Suturing the wound provides temporary mechanical support enabling natural tissue healing. As for absorbable vs permanent suture material, evidence from abdominal hernia surgery indicates increased risk for hernia when using absorbable sutures. Sutures can hold wound edges together while healing, control bleeding, repair tissue defects or damaged structures, create anastomoses and secure foreign objects such as mesh implants, vascular grafts and drains in place. We can basically classify sutures into two types– those which are absorbable and will break down harmlessly in the body over time without intervention and those which are non-absorbable and must be manually removed if they are not left indefinitely. The former include silk and catgut. Surgical suture material can be classified on the basis of the characteristics absorbability, origin of material and thread structure. . Moreover, TS needs to be maintained particularly within the first 2 post-operative weeks, because suture materials tend to lose between 70% and 80% of their initial strength . They can be absorbable and non-absorbable. A repeated needle type (eg RB-1, RB-1) indicates a "double-armed" suture, that is, a suture with a needle attached to each end. ) to promote wound healing. Synthetic suture mate - rials overcome the use of natural suture materials for years. Numerous studies have reported the development of Mg-based sutures or clips for wound sealing material [39]. Tensile properties of the suture materials may be affected through regular contact with the ingredients present in the mouthwash or oral rinse formulations. A novel stem cell-seeded biological suture material has been developed for use in cardiac surgery and tissue. Furthermore, bioactive materials that can enhance suture function and capability have been at the forefront of suture technology. Click on the link below to learn how our premium quality suture compares to the other market leader. zzias jqle rykk dcqjjwa elvlcyg trkv urqr jxurb oiva bsbgc